A patient with cirrhosis of the liver secondary to alcohol abuse presents with signs suggesting portal hypertension. Which assessment findings would most likely indicate portal hypertension?

• A. Ascites and Hematemesis
• B. Jaundice and Pruritus
• C. Hypotension and Anemia
• D. Peripheral Edema

Answer: (A)

Portal hypertension occurs when the pressure in the portal venous system increases due to cirrhosis, causing back-pressure in the veins that supply the gut. This elevation drives fluid into the peritoneal cavity, producing ascites, and promotes the development and rupture of esophageal/gastric varices, which can bleed and cause hematemesis. So the combination of ascites and vomiting blood directly reflects the elevated portal pressure at work. Jaundice and pruritus stem from liver dysfunction and cholestasis, not the pressure increase itself. Hypotension and anemia can occur but aren’t specific indicators of portal hypertension, and edema alone is less specific than ascites for this condition.