What is the most common complication of peritoneal dialysis?

• A. Bleeding
• B. Infection
• C. Hypotension
• D. Air embolism

Answer: (B)

In peritoneal dialysis, infection, especially peritonitis, is the most common complication. The dialysis fluid and catheter create a direct route into the peritoneal cavity, so contamination during exchanges or issues at the catheter site frequently lead to infection of the abdominal lining. Peritonitis presents with abdominal pain, cloudy dialysate, fever, and elevated white cells in the effluent, and it requires prompt antibiotic therapy, often delivered into the peritoneal space, with catheter management if needed. Prevention hinges on strict aseptic technique, proper hand hygiene, and careful exit-site care during each exchange. Other issues like bleeding, hypotension, or air embolism can occur but are less common than infection.