Which class of medication is primarily used to reduce anxiety and promote relaxation?

• A. Benzodiazepines
• B. Antidepressants
• C. Barbiturates
• D. Antipsychotics

Answer: (A)

Benzodiazepines are the fastest-acting option for reducing anxiety and promoting relaxation. They work by enhancing GABA, the brain’s main inhibitory neurotransmitter, at the GABA-A receptor. This makes neurons less excitable, producing quick calming effects, plus sedation and muscle relaxation. Because of this rapid action, they’re often used for short-term relief of anxiety, panic, or acute stress.

For long-term anxiety management, antidepressants like SSRIs or SNRIs are usually preferred, since they address the underlying mood–anxiety circuitry and take several weeks to become effective. Barbiturates are older sedatives with a high risk of overdose and dependence, so they’re rarely used for anxiety today. Antipsychotics aren’t first-line for anxiety either; they’re generally reserved for psychosis or severe agitation and are not used primarily to reduce anxious feelings.