Which signs indicate IV infiltration?

• A. Redness only
• B. Swelling, pain, and coolness
• C. Fever and rash
• D. Numbness

Answer: (B)

IV infiltration happens when IV fluid leaks into the surrounding tissue. The most telling signs are swelling at the IV site, along with pain and skin that feels cool to the touch. The swelling comes from fluid collecting in the tissue, the pain from tissue distension and irritation, and the coolness from the leaked fluid and reduced local perfusion. Redness can occur with irritation or phlebitis but isn’t the hallmark of infiltration. Fever and rash suggest infection or an allergic reaction, and numbness points more to nerve involvement. So swelling, pain, and coolness around the site best indicate infiltration.